cat /etc/*-release — finding out linux release version 
If you have a lot of different Linux distributions installed on many different machines it is easy to forget what distribution version runs on which PC. Well worry not! It is easy enough to findout. On Novell's Open SuSE Linux, the distribution release information is contained in the /etc/SuSE-release file. Simply cat it to see its content in your terminal.
cat /etc/SuSE-release
The above command produced the following output on one of our Linux boxes.
SUSE LINUX 10.0 (X86-64) OSS VERSION = 10.0
The following command is used to findout the release version on RedHat's Fedora Linux.
cat /etc/redhat-release
The output will look something like this
Fedora Core release 6 (Zod)
or like this
Fedora release 8 (Werewolf)
depending on what version of Fedora you are running. Thus, the naming convention used should be quite clear by now. If you do not even know what type of the distribution is installed, simply run the following command.
cat /etc/*-release
On our Ubuntu Linux box the output is as follows.
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=7.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=gutsy DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 7.10"
If you really want to know in which file the above information is contained in, then simply run the following find command from shell.
find /etc -iname "*release*"
For an Ubuntu distribution, the above command produces the following output.
/etc/lsb-release
cat of this file produces same output as above.
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August 17th, 2011 at 10:08 am
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January 10th, 2012 at 4:10 pm
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September 13th, 2012 at 4:23 pm
You may use cat /etc/issue to print out the version number as well